Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) stabilizers are essential additives that protect the polymer from thermal and oxidative degradation during high-temperature processing and throughout its service life. During PET production and processing, exposure to heat and oxygen can lead to chain scission, discoloration, and a reduction in mechanical properties. Stabilizers are critical for maintaining the intrinsic viscosity, color, and overall quality of the final product. Stabilizers in PET include antioxidants, which prevent oxidative degradation, and heat stabilizers, which protect against thermal breakdown . They function by interfering with the degradation mechanisms, such as scavenging free radicals or decomposing peroxides, thereby preserving the polymer's molecular weight and performance characteristics .

Antioxidants are the largest segment in the PET additive market due to their essential role in prolonging the shelf life and processing stability of PET products [citation:MRFR]. Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and Irganox 1010 are examples of stabilizers studied for their effects on PET properties. Research has demonstrated that TPP and trimethyl phosphate (TMP) can greatly reduce the carboxyl content of PET, which is a key indicator of degradation, while all stabilizers studied lowered the diethylene glycol content of PET . The addition of stabilizers can also slightly increase the rate of polycondensation, contributing to more efficient production . The proper concentration of stabilizer is crucial to obtain good stability and low diethylene glycol content. Among various stabilizers, TPP has been identified as particularly effective in controlling carboxyl and diethylene glycol content while enhancing thermal stability . Other phosphorus compounds, such as tributyl phosphate, phenylphosphonic acid, and phenylphosphinic acid, have also been shown to be efficient heat stabilizers during PET polymerization . Stabilizer systems must also be compatible with the polymer matrix and any other additives used in the formulation to ensure optimal performance and avoid unwanted interactions .

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